THAR COAL RESERVES in Pakistan
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Thar coal reserves..
if all The oil Reserves of Saudia Arab & Iran Put Together
These Are Approximately 375 Billion Barrels,But
A Single Thar Coal Reserve Of Sindh is about 850 Trillion Cubic Feet,
Which is More Than Oil Reserves Of Saudia & Iran.
These reserves estimated at 850 trillion cubic feet (TCF) of gas, about 30 times higher than Pakistan 's proven gas reserves of 28 TCF.
Dr Murtaza Mughal president of Pakistan Economy Watch in a statement said that these reserves of coal worth USD 25 trillion can not only cater the electricity requirements of the country for next 100 years but also save almost four billion dollars in staggering oil import bill.
Just 2% usage of Thar Coal Can Produce 20,000 Mega Watts of Electricity for next 40Years ,without any single Second of Load Shedding.
and if the whole reserves are utilized, then it could easily be imagined how much energy could be generated.
The coal power generation would cost Pakistan PKR 5.67 per unit while power generated by Independent Power Projects cost PKR 9.27
It Requires Just Initial 420 Billion Rupees Initial Investment,
Whereas Pakistan Receives annually 1220 Billion from Tax Only
Chinese and other companies had not only carried out surveys and feasibilities of this project but also offered 100 percent investment in last 7 to 8 years but the “Petroleum Gang” always discouraged them in a very systematic way
But Petroleum lobby , is very strong in Pakistan and they are against any other means of power generation except for the imported oil. This lobby is major beneficiary of the increasing oil bill that is estimated above 15 billion dollar this year. Even GOV. is planning to Sell all these reserve to a company on a very low price.
when pervaz Musharaf was president he gave green signal to embark upon the initiation of work on exploiting energy potential of these coal reserves of Thar under a modern strategy.
Think About This, How We Can Help Our Home Land .
Spread this knowledge among all Pakistanis.
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It almost sounds like your government is as stupid as mine. No, wait. No government can be as stupid as mine. Somebody slap me.
well....
good people are governed by good people
bad people are governed by bad people.
Things will never ever change unless we as an individual do not seek forgiveness from Almighty Allah.
Yes its the truth
good people are governed by good people
bad people are governed by bad people.
so i will be the first and will try to make my self good
may allah forgive us all.
Amen.
Hi Salmanali456... Good photos, interesting statistics, things about which folks should be thinking. Thinking - what a good concept. Let's all hope for more of that and a lot less of what we see going on today.
VEry intersting figures, salmanali456!
great article! but need more detail...and include further development being made by PPP(DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT).
thumbs up from me......thx 4 share
Allah help those who help themselves.As the present Govt.is making fruitful efforts in the field of coal energy,hence it is believed that htoese will prove target oriented.We
I am petrologist and i am surprised by the strategy of Pakistan against coal reserves.
that is a precious gift for us from Allah so we should thank to Allah and use it.
extremly huge reserves and good statistical information......i request the cheafjustice of Pakistan to take serious action against the petroleum lobby in Pakistan....thanx
Yes, we need to explore Thar coal ASAP. Govt. of Sindh has entered into joint venture with Engro and are exploring Thar coal. This will take about 5 to 7 years as Thar coal is in desert with no infrastructure today but kudos to Engro for doing such a monumental and patriotic job.
We (Al-Abbas) have also recently entered into joint venture with Sindh on Badin coal. This is close to Thar but with all the infrastructure. The project has a potential of completing in 24 months from financial close.
All we need for Thar and Badin is to spread the news so serious donors/investors get the wind about the projects and come to our support. More about the Coal project http://www.ssjdgroup.com/news.php?id=5
*** Spread the word ****
The thar coal is ideal for power generation, it falls in steam coal.
Really i loved to read this.u hav given a lot of knoledge to youngsters.keep the good work up.our govt is just a dumb big ass hole.
“Dirty Thar Coal Versus Environment Friendly Kalabagh Dam in Pakistan
& South Asia”.
• It is very strange to note that present Government of Pakistan is advocating for Air Polluting Thar Coal Project Versus Environmental Friendly Kalabagh Dam.
• Kalabagh dam which will increase the water resources of the country is being opposed while Thar coal project, which will consume huge amount of water and will contaminate all water, air and land resources of Pakistan is being advocated by the government.
• Clean electricity produced by Kalabagh dam will be available to every citizen of the country while Thar coal project will pollute all water, air and land resources of not only of Pakistan but also of neighbouring countries like India and China.
• Thar coal will effect each and every living organism while environment friendly Kalabagh will not only store water for the cultivation of land , but also will produce clean energy without carbon emmision, by that electricity it will be possible to pump out under ground water which will also increase water resources and will store water for cultivation of land, Kalabagh Dam will increase wet land for fisheries, will increase green land which will be helpful in decreasing environmental carbon dioxide produce by coal and other fuels and will control flooding and erosion of land and will save lives and lands of people.
• Coal is one of the most polluting sources of energy available, jeopardizing our health and our environment. While Kalabagh Dam will have multiple advantages and will act as clean electricity power house, Sweet water reservoir and floods controller all these things will improve fertility of lands, will reduce poverty and will increase food production.
The Effects of Coal on the Environment.
Coal as a source of energy is probably the most environmentally damaging of
all the traditional sources of energy.
• One must keep in mind that a typical power coal plant generates 3 million tons of CO2 or 17 tons of carbon per megawatt and draws about 2.3 billion gallons of water per annum from nearby source while on land coal produces mercury which not only renders water useless for human consumption but also for irrigation purpose as well.
• “Coal Power in a Warming World” by Barbara Freese et al, published by the Union of Concerned Scientists in October 2008 states that “The underground mining of coal is a dangerous profession, and underground and surface mining are both highly damaging to landscapes, water supplies, and ecosystems”.
• The Natural Resources Defense Council paper entitled “Coal in a Changing Climate”, issued in February 2007 claims that “Coal mining—and particularly surface or strip mining—poses one of the most significant threats to terrestrial habitats in the United States.”
• Figures from “Key World Energy Statistics: 2008? show that coal is responsible for 42% of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions.
• “Coal in a Changing Climate” shows that coal produces large amounts of airborne toxic chemicals, including sulfur dioxide, mercury, nitrous oxides, arsenic and lead.
• Coal is a highly polluting energy source. It emits much more carbon per unit of energy than oil, and natural gas. CO2 represents the major portion of greenhouse gases. It is, therefore, one of the leading contributors to climate change.
• From mine to sky, from extraction to combustion — coal pollutes every step of the way. The huge environmental and social costs associated with coal usage make it an expensive option for developing countries.
• Coal mining is responsible for acid drainage from coal mines, polluting rivers and streams, to the release of mercury and other toxins when it is burned, as well as climate-destroying gases and fine particulates that wreak havoc on human health, COAL is unquestionably, a DIRTY BUSINESS.
South Asia.
On one side China and India are planning to curb the Carbon emission by curbing the use of oil, coal and other fossil fuels, and Bangladesh and Maldives are crying for taking measures against rise of seas due to global warming and melting of glaciers and on other side Government of Pakistan is planning to use Thar coal which will not only cause global warming but also pollute the whole environment of South Asia but in fact will endanger the life of 3 Billion peoples living in China, India, Kashmir, Northern areas, NWFP, PUNJAB and Sindh, as the direction of smoke and dangerous gases will be from east to north west of Pakistan. And people of these areas will suffer from respiratory diseases such as Asthma, Bronchitis, Cardiovascular diseases and cancer, and people of these areas will suffer from dangers and adverse effects of smoking without smoking the cigarettes.
Government of Pakistan is leaving no stone unturned for sinking delta dwellers people of Bangladesh and Island dweller people of Maldives under sea by wasting about 10 Million Acres feet water of River Indus from the catchments area of whole of Pakistan in the sea and is not preserving and storing that water in dams like Kalabagh and Basha, on one side people of Pakistan are suffering from acute wastage of water and electricity and on other side Government is wasting sweet water in the sea which is not only causing sea rise and erosion of coastal land for whole of subcontinent, including Bangladesh and Maldives but is also harmful for saline habitat fishes and saline and sea plants like Mangroves
Countering Rise in Sea level and Global Warming.
Global Warming:
For countering global warming there is need to completely restrict use of coal for any purpose and to minimize other fossils fuels such as oil and gas and use of alternatives resources such as wind, solar and water power by means of dams like Kalabagh and Basha Dams in Pakistan should be encouraged and preferred.
Rise in Sea Level.
For countering rise in sea level following measures should be taken to save and to protect from submerging the people of Bangladesh, Maldives and other Island dwellers under sea.
• All the rain and glaciers water on land should be preserved and stored in reservoirs and dams like Kalabagh and other dams for use on land( For Agriculture, Electricity generation and human consumption) and other purposes so that no water should waste in sea which will ultimately cause the rise in sea level.
• In Coastal areas use of sea water should be increased as much as possible for Industrial and agricultural purposes.
• After desalination and Purification Sea water should be use for human consumption as much as possible.
• Wastage of sweet water and fertile silt in sea should be prevented and should be used for fertilization and irrigation of land and other useful purposes.
• There should be maximum utilization of sea resources such as exploration of silt and stones from sea towards land and coastal areas.
• There should be maximum utilization of sea resources such as exploration of sea salts for use as chemicals and other purposes.
• There should be maximum utilization of sea resources such as sea plants such as algae and fishes to decrease the volume of sea so that rise in sea could be countered by each and every mean available.
Already Polluted Atmosphere of South Asia.
South Asia is already suffering from the adverse effects of Brown cloud(Accumulation of Dirty gases in upper atmosphere of Subcontinent and is having negative effects on the health of population of India and Pakistan , Moreover there is already shortage of Ozone gas in the upper atmosphere of South Asia, due to which people of South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka ) are not having perfect healthy bodies as compared to other races of the world, .In view of such a bad condition of atmosphere burning the coal is just like to throw the people of Pakistan into valley of death, where as there already so many poor workers are daily dying in the coal mines of Balouchistan, but no one is having any care about those poor workers.
There are a number of adverse environmental effects of coal mining and burning, especially the glaciers of the Himalayas, Karakoram, Hindukush and Pami
@M.AKRAM KHAN NIAZI ok then explore it and export it where it is consumed
@M.AKRAM KHAN NIAZI, Your statistics are bad and unscientific, Kalabag Dam will be made and all others, Coal reserves will be controlled, extract and turned into gold by many means,
Coal to Liquid What is the technology?
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reduces coal to syngas, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A catalyst, often cobalt, then causes the carbon and hydrogen atoms to reconnect into new compounds, such as alcohols and fuels. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is conventional chemistry today: in South Africa, for example, Johannesburg-based Sasol built Fischer-Tropsch coal-to-oil plants to ensure the country's fuel supply during the trade boycotts of the apartheid years; and by swapping in different catalysts, China's coal-to-chemicals gasification plants have employed Fischer-Tropsch for decades to yield products such as synthetic fertilizers and methanol. (China's Shenhua plant chose the Bergius process of direct liquefaction rather than FT conversion - bypass the syngass setp; more fuel/coal input; more complicated process)
Underground Coal Gasification (UCG)
Also being considered is a process called underground coal gasification (UCG) where coal is converted to syngas whlie "in-situ" or underground by an established process. It has the potential to reduce capital costs significantly, as the costly surface gasification step is removed. Linc Energy (an Australian energy company) is pursuing this and has had a sit in operation since 1999 and is the largest UCG project outside the Former Soviet Union. In 2006, Linc Energy announced plans to expand the Chinchilla project to include the production of CTK fuels and electricity from the site. The production target of the CTL process from the Chinchilla site is 20,000 barrels of diesel fuel per day - approximately 10% of Australia's needs. This, however, is not widely accepted yet as a viable technology.
WHERE (in the world) are the resources??
Besides the particular production process for CTL (direct or indirect liquefaction), two other factors go into siting a CTL plant: location of coal resources and location of water resources.
Coal Resources
Types of Coal
Coal is classified into four main types, or ranks (lignite, subbituminous, bituminous, anthracite), depending on the amounts and types of carbon it contains and on the amount of heat energy it can produce. The rank of a deposit of coal depends on the pressure and heat acting on the plant debris as it sank deeper and deeper over millions of years. For the most part, the higher ranks of coal contain more heat-producing energy.
Lignite
Lowest rank of coal with the lowest energy content. Lignite coal deposits tend to be relatively young coal deposits that were not subjected to extreme heat or pressure. Lignite is crumbly and has high moisture content. There are 21 lignite mines in the United States, producing about seven percent of U.S. coal. Most lignite is mined in Texas and North Dakota. Lignite is mainly burned at power plants to generate electricity.
Subbituminous
Has a higher heating value than lignite. Subbituminous coal typically contains 35-45 percent carbon, compared to 25-35 percent for lignite. Most subbituminous coal in the U.S. is at least 100 million years old. About 42 percent of the coal produced in the United States is subbituminous. Wyoming is the leading source of subbituminous coal.
Bituminous
Contains 45-86 percent carbon, and has two to three times the heating value of lignite. Bituminous coal was formed under high heat and pressure. Bituminous coal in the United States is between 100 to 300 million years old. It is the most abundant rank of coal found in the United States, accounting for about half of U.S. coal production. Bituminous coal is used to generate electricity and is an important fuel and raw material for the steel and iron industries. West Virginia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania are the largest producers of bituminous coal.
Anthracite
Contains 86-97 percent carbon, and has a heating value slightly lower than bituminous coal. It is very rare in the United States, accounting for less than one-half of a percent of the coal mined in the U.S. All of the anthracite mines in the United States are located in northeastern Pennsylvania.
Do read this article.
the sindh government should explore this value able energy source to overcome power scarcity andmake worth wealthy peaples of sindh at large pakistan
Well that is really the need...one must have to share that
You must provide the references , from where you got all these figures. And give a link so that they can be verified. Otherwise there is no way to justify it . You can out any figure in there.
@ Akram Niazi
Coal burning produces many substances such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate and carbon dioxide. Electric power companies have reduced the emission of these substances considerably during the last 20 to 30 years. The adoption of Clean Coal Technology has been beneficial to controlling emissions. Devices known as “scrubbers” have been used successfully since 1980 to remove sulfur by a process known as flue-gas de-sulfurization. Since 1980 USA emission of SO2 has been reduced by about 40%. In this use of wet or dry scrubbers, sulfur dioxide is flowed past dry or slurried limestone or lime to react to form calcium sulfate where up to 90% of the emission is eliminated. At the same time a useful product (gypsum) is produced by converting SO2 gas to CaSO4. Typically a wet-flue system is used due to its low operating costs, high reliability and efficient removal of SO2. The converted SO2 is collected at the bottom of the scrubber as a solid or slurry. It is also collected by bag-houses or electrostatic precipitators.
The chemical reaction occurring to remove the gas is shown below.
CaCO3 + SO2 + ½ H2? (CaSO3 • ½ H2O)s + CO2
Limestone gypsite
Ca(OH)2 + SO2 ? (CaSO3 • ½ H2O)s + ½ H2O
Lime gypsite
Scrubber sludge contains a compound known as gypsite, but it also contains a number of impurities such as CaSO4 • ½ H2O and CaCO3. The process can be of two types where natural conditions cause oxidation of the gypsite to gypsum (CaSO4) or forced oxidation can be used. Forced oxidation results in nearly 100% conversion of gypsite to gypsum (named synthetic gypsum). Gypsum is the primary component of wallboard so the scrubbing activity provides a means for producing gypsum in addition to the time-tested mining method. Impurities in the synthetic gypsum affect hardening rate of wallboard so it must be purified prior to use, but the purified product has found wide acceptance due to its cost effectiveness.
M Akram Khan Niazi from Punjab says "Dirt" is in gigantic Thar coal deposits (Sindh). In fact "Dirt" is in his mind & heart who is obviously "Punjabi Chauvinist" If he so anxious about environment, why he remains mum on unnatural sad demise of Indus delta - the sixth largest in the world, with formidable impact on environment.
"Punjabi chauvinist" Niazi should tender unconditional apology to the people of Pakistan in general and Sindh in particular for his objectionable comments.
SAVE INDUS DELTA....SAVE SINDH....SAVE ...PAKISTAN
its very informative.we must should spread this info to others. i want to add 1 more thing that pakistan is the 3rd largest coutry having gas resources but we are not using them. Pakistan is facing energy crices we can use caol and gas for resolving this problem. few months earlier the Govt was found to say that we do not have water (hydral) to produce electric energy but after flood all the world saw that there is lot of water now in pakistan but we are still facing the normal routine loadsheding.without energy how can a coutry grows its economy??i dnt think .
the coal reserves are so much that Pakistan can produce electric energy by means of coal for next 100years without 1 second of loadsheding.Pak-Iran Gas pine line have many many advatages for us but due to the interference of America our Govt headowns...
one more thing i wana add is that think what is in Afghanistan?nothing.so why is America there??
the answer is just for pakistan.because they know the importance of coal reseves,Gas reserves and also the Sea we have for trading.America is attacking us at Balaochistan and KPK we all know very well this.
according to my little knowledge i read from somewhere that the flow of oil inside the groud is not permenant where it flows today,,the oil is flowing towards east.and Pakistan is about at East of the oil reserves where they are today.
i am a student of Electronics and i know the importance of electrnics in todays life.with out electricity where wwill be we............????????plz think
what are u doing guys both kalabagh and thar coal project are in favor of pakistan so plz dont do any thing against these projects.We have to sit together and told every body that these projects are diamond milestones for our country.pray for these project which are very important for Pakistan.
wow. I did'nt know that pakistan is blessed by so much resources. I pray that God gives us good politicans and leaders that will consume these resources affectively
Thar Coal Should not upto photo session but for work on it for the prosperty of Sindh and only sindhies.
S
I believe we should explore all energy options (Hydroelectric , Coal , Wind , Solar, Biomass , BioGas , Wave, Geothermal,Growing oil producting plants and nuclear etc)and have a balanced mixed of all, there are pros and cons for all options above but which will be most suitable for Pakistan only time can tell.
I request please don't bring ethnicity to this debate we all want what is best for Pakistan and improve the life for all Pakistani (not for few) if we fight among ourself then we will not be able to achieve what is best for Pakistan and the Muslim world.
These debate are healthy and informative please place as much information as possible and if possible compare other energy options.
Long Live Pakistan and the Muslim world.
With new technologie coal CAN be transforméd in 'cake' pollution les And used, Allah has blessed Sindh-Pakistan with great wealth and all this be for thé service of pakistanais we are surprised our beloved land Pakistan is RICH in natural resources but not exploited yet, thé Good peoples of Pakistan must take care and MAKE name Pakistan still a Great Country and Beautiful land Blessed with Allahs Given Welth Pakistan ZindaBad
We thank of God that these reserves of energy found in our Sindh Pakistan as same in Balouchistan despite of that we are deprive from electricity and we have to determine that we will righteous in energy sector Insha Allah.
We thank of God that these reserves of energy found in our Sindh Pakistan as same in Balouchistan despite of that we are deprive from electricity and we have to determine that we will righteous in energy sector Insha Allah.
The actual reason for our devastation is WE....I think nobody is responsible FOR THIS CONDITION. If we want 2 change our state then the only way is that we should change ourself....
Best way to say thanks to Allah is by dedicating a
reasonable percentage of any income from this project
towards the well being of the poor people of pakistan.
This should be done by figuring this into cost/unit
of electricity. That is the only true way to thank Allah.
Anything else is cheap talk.
1. This project should be at the highest priority of any
government and it must be pursued very aggressively.
2. First generate enough power for the country.
3. Convert to diesel/gas and export it into world
market.
You will be saving $12b in just oil/diesel imports, not
to mention billons made in exports.
Please do not drop the ball on this one. You are on the
threshold of becoming the first true Islamic superpower.
Sucess story of tomorrow is not India, it is Pakistan.
Allah willing!
THAR COAL IS MEGA PROJECT IF PAKISTAN
Its Allah Rehmat that pakistan is rich with such wealth. Now its pakistani politicians and and technical person's reponsibility to build and utilize these resources in safe conditions and for the developement of pakistan. Pakistan can also become a greatest nation of the World. With this we, pakistani people, also need unity irrespective of provincialism. May Allah unite us.
Good article, I am happy to know the detail. Plz if any references with respect to this article especially the vlaues of coal reserves.
LIKE UR INFORMATION
that's our treasure.but how we convince our government to take serious steps not gives us false joks
It high time we start thinking independantly and start doing things ourselves. If China can arrange money for Three Gorges dam why can't we arrange money for this national project.
The talk of amount of deposit being more than SAUDI and Iranian oil deposits combined is nothing but a nonsense.The coal is of inferior quality and not worth mining and concessions we are asking multi-national companies to make.The only option is to give it to chnese at a reasonable rate and remove the politicians from the deal and let WAPDA and ministries deal with them.may ALLAH help us get rid of corrupt politicians and govt employees.
@Farrukh, we all know that coal is of inferior quality. They are not going to extract it, they are going to use gasification process. I'm waiting for the first test to be performed in March by Dr. Samar Mubarakmund. We should pray for the success of the test.
Pakistan is ranked 12th on countries with most resources, but you are not allowed to touch them. The are a collateral against which the IMF lends to nations. Seriously, the hidden powers place their puppets, to increase the loans, which in fact line the corrupt establishment. Sovereign debts = slavery forever. So, the first step towards economic, social advancement is to VOTE RIGHT, not the established order which has been ruining Pakistan since 14th Aug., 1947. Uproot the whole OLD ORDER, vote for NEW, "untested" Leader.
we have words to thanked Allah.
he give us countless and precious gifts
but we do nothing and hoping some angel.
good people will come soon . Inshallah
oh SHUTTUPPPPPPPP!
I always say that Thar coal is the need of PAKISTAN. I know majority of people they comment on Thar coal r non technical like Niazi sb. Plz 1st of all must read chemistry or chemical books than comments on Thar Coal or Kalabagh dam. I wants to tell u the meaning of KALA means black bagh means RUPEE. It means this dam was build on black money & Why Punjab gov wants to build it on INDUS DELTA??????? Why not on other rivers????? Agar dum he to exact answer do Niazi sb. We wants Pakistan only save & Salamat. Plz prey for Pakistan.
Sindh & Pukhtoon Khwa are responsible for Shortage of Electricity and water in Pakistan.
Disease of Provincialism in Politicians of NWFP and Sindh is mainly responsible for power shortage mayhem and the resultant chaos in the society due to tormenting blackouts and long power outrages.
Importance of Electricity Versus Wastage of Water for Feudals.
Why opposition on generation of electricity by Kalabagh Dam in which no water is wasted but provide option of safe storage of water for future use. Electricity is the need of each and every minute and moment of human life, people can not tolerate outage of electricity for one hour while agriculture land can tolerate need of water even many weeks, but why importance to agriculture of few feudals and no importance to electricity which is the need of each and every citizens
• Children weeps in the night due to high temperature and mosquitoes bite due to outage of electricity,
• Students can not study in night due to outage of electricity.
• Industry can not run without electricity.
• Machinery can not run without electricity.
• Surgeons can not operate without electricity.
• A patient on life machine can not survive without electricity.
• Even in agriculture can not use Tubewell without electricity.
• Fertilizer can not be manufactured without electricity.
• Pesticide can not be manufactured without electricity.
• Sugar Mills,Cotton Mills,Flour Mills,Rice Mills can not run without electricity.
Above points clearly indicates that use of water for generation of electricity is 1000 times better than wastage of water on land or in sea for few feudals, because water wasted in land or sea is not recoverable but water use for generation of electricity in Kalabagh Dam will be available for use for agriculture and Industry as it was suitable before generation of electricity and there will be no wastage of water.
Sindh,Balochistan and Frontier are against Kalabagh Dam.
Because as per Sindh LOGIC Thar Coal is better than Kalabagh as Kalabagh will emmit BLACK SMOKE and Thar Coal will emmit fresh air full of Oxygen.
And as per Balouchistan Vision GAS and coal extracted from Balouchistan are one of the most clean source of energy and Kalabagh will pollute air and land resouces and people will drown in Kalabagh and no one is dying in the coal caves of Balochistan.
And as per Frontier wisdom Royalty of Tarballa is so important that Pakistan can be broken for that but Kalabgh dam is not good looking as it is in Punjab.
All provinces want Provincial autonomy but Punjab should open or close its canals , IIRIGATE ITS LAND AND construct Dams as per desire of other provinces and after asking from
other provinces Because it is necessary for unity and prosperity of Pakistan as when there will be no agriculture,no electricity and no water then Pakistan will be more united and more prosperous.
From all above points it is clear that NWFP and Sindh who are opposing the generation of electricity and preservation and safe storage of water in Kalabagh dam are criminals of humanity as well as of World.
Written By:
M.Akram Khan Niazi.
“ Kalabagh Dam: A Symbol of Victimization of Punjab By Other Provinces”.
With the large number of deaths and destruction due to floods, continuous shortage of electricity in the country and continuous shortage of water at the time of need in rest of year has made the lives of people of Pakistan completely intoleratable. Now every one has started questioning the role of state and governments for bringing their lives in such a miserable condition, therefore it is necessary to analyze the root causes for all these miseries and painful condition from which people of Pakistan are suffering.
Pending Kalabagh Dam:
Pending Kalabagh and other dams are main root cause for most of the problems of people of Pakistan, but in fact its situation and location just makes it the future pumping heart of Pakistani nation, due to its importance and ability to solve the most of the problems of People of Pakistan, enemies of Pakistan are very proactive in making opposition to this dam ,and the enemies of Pakistan are making use of tactics of ethnocentrism and provincialism for opposing this dam, so that people of Pakistan can never ever be able to solve their problems.
Civilized nations of the world build and maintain large reservoirs of currency in banks, fuel oil in tanks, gas in pressurized tanks, food and other items of needs in ware houses and cold storages, but the enemies of Pakistan are not allowing the storage of water in dams which is one of the most basic necessity of humans, plants and animals, and just want that there should be no water management and development on the only and sole life line of Pakistan which is River Indus and they just want that its water should continue to waste in the sea.
Victimization of Punjab:
The politicians of three smaller provinces of Pakistan are very active in victimizing and maligning the people of larger province of Punjab and are trying to force their vindicative desires and ill wishes on the largest provinces of Pakistan against their interests, These enemies are very proactive in two provinces of Pakistan, one is Sind and other is PuktunKhwa. Politicians of these two provinces always had played a negative role in the life of Pakistan. In fact the largest genocide of 3.0 million people of Pakistan committed in 1971 in East Pakistan was planned by General Yahya Khan and Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto. both were belonging from these two provinces. Moreover these two provinces are the main hub of disease of ethnic and hatred base provincial politics.
Biased Mr. Bhutto belonging from Sindh who along with General Ayoub belonging from Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa sold the three rivers of Punjab to India.
Sind:
Some facts about this province are:
Before floods politicians of Sind used to say that there is no water in the system for Kalabagh Dam, and now after floods they are saying there was flood of 3.0 Million Acre feet, therefore Kalabagh Dam having capacity of 1.0 million Acre feet was unable to stop flood, from such hypocrisy every one can sense the effects of disease of provincialism, while infect even storage of just ½ million acre feet in Kalabagh Dam was more than enough to break the peak of flood, it was the super flood which was required to control and not that of normal flood, as now Kalabagh Dam is not existing people should face such disasters without any mercy in coming years also.
Hypocrisy and hegemony of Politicians of Sind is also obvious from following facts
Sind producing more crops each year with more consumption of water at the same time politicians making propaganda that Punjab is stealing water.
Sind producing rice crop in most of its arid and barren areas with no rain fall but still there is shortage of water and making propaganda that Punjab is stealing water.
Sind increasing irrigated land near coastal area in Badin and at the same time making propaganda that there is intrusion of sea in Badin as Punjab is stealing water.
Sind wasting one crore acre feet of water in sea but still there is shortage of water and making propaganda that Punjab is stealing water.
Sind opposing any project on River Indus like Kalabagh Dam and any other project but still demanding more water.
According to politicians of this province there is shortage of water for Chasma Jehlum Link Canal, For Kalabagh Dam, for Thal Canal, and as a whole For Punjab,
but there is lot of water to waste in Arabian sea at Thatta and Badin,
There is lot of water to grow rice in the Larkana so much that ruins of Moen Jo Daro are suffering from problem of water logging, the problem from which these ruins have not suffered during last 4500 years.
There is lot of Indus water to waste in Manchar Lake, Kurlee Lake so much that now there is need to waste the water of these lakes in sea.
There is lot of water to sink coastal areas of Badin and Thatta under Indus water.
There is lot of water so much that we are pouring sweet water on saline Mangrove plants of sea.
In present scenario according to Sind polticians it is not justified to use water for generation of electricity and preservation of water for future use and prevention of floods by building Kalabagh Dam, but it is justified to waste about one million acre feet water in the sea and that is also not from its share but from the share of other provinces so that people of Punjab could be thrown in poverty and darkness due to shortage of water and electricity.Sind will not allow other provinces of Pakistan to take one bucket of water and will not allow to grow one straw of grass, but will like to waste water in the sea as fishes of sea are very chronically thirsty.
The credit stands with Sind that despite obtaining ample water and ample crops it’s always ready to victimize and malign Punjab, Kalabagh Dam, Thal Canal, and Chasma Jehlum canal, it’s making good use of politics of balckmailing and water.
Preservation and storage of water in Kalabagh Dam will increase agriculture land,generation of electricity ,and will prevent wastage of sweet water and fertile sand in the sea .
Advanced nations of the world are recycling and treating drain water for reuse while politician and Government of Sind is wasting and polluting sweet water into the sea.
USA and India have large number of rivers and fresh water reservoirs but instead of wasting their water in sea they are using saline water of sea for agriculture and other purposes but we Pakistanies have just one river and even then we are wasting that one by the foolish politicians and Government of Sind.
Israel and Saudi Arabia are using water of Sea by desalination for their use so much that sea is drying and drying day by day but we Pakistanis are wasting our sweet water into sea what a unique type of crime and foolish act.
Only by taking out water from sea can stop sea intrusion and by discarding more and more sweet water into sea will aggravate the problem of so called sea intrusion.
Government of Pakistan is leaving no stone unturned for sinking delta dwellers people of Bangladesh and Island dweller people of Maldives under sea by wasting about 10 Million Acres feet water of River Indus from the catchments area of whole of Pakistan in the sea and is not preserving and storing that water in dams like Kalabagh and Basha, on one side people of Pakistan are suffering from acute wastage of water and electricity and on other side Government is wasting sweet water in the sea which is not only causing sea rise and erosion of coastal land for whole of subcontinent, including Bangladesh and Maldives but is also harmful for saline habitat fishes and saline and sea plants like Mangroves
On one side there is shortage of water in Pakistan on other side in Sind there is wastage of water,cultivation of crops such as rice,sugar can and banana which are highly dependent on water and at the same time demanding wastage of water in sea and objecting even on preservation of water in Kalabagh, on use of water for agriculture in Punjab, if there is shortage of water then why Sind is cultivating rice,bannana and sugarcane which are highly water dependent, if Punjab is not giving water then from where the water of Kulree ,Mancahr lakes have arrived, if Punjab is not g
Thar Coal Project Overview
Govt. of Sindh is making sincere efforts for Development of Thar Coal such as creating a Private/Public sector partnership with Engro, signing MOU’s with various investors and massively funding the experimental technology of underground Coal Gasification (UCG). However, serious technical, administrative and cost issues remain unclear which if left unaddressed may result in complications and delays in the implementation and success of the Thar Coal project. The purpose of this technical discussion is to highlight some of these issues and provide suggestions from a professional perspective with intent to assist and to inform.
All major project planning efforts are geared towards achieving specific goals, which in this case is presumably the Govt of Sindh’s declared intent to develop 10 blocks of Thar Coalfield for production of 20,000 MW of electricity by the year 2030.
Thar Coalfield Water Scenario:
The flagship Sindh/Engro project in block II of Thar coalfield, hinges on the availability of 300 cusecs (cubic feet per second) water from the Indus River System for operation of the Coal Fired Power Plant. Therefore, cumulative water demand for the proposed 10 blocks of Thar coal is calculated to be 3000 cusecs.
There is a chronic water shortage in Sindh; in fact it is so for all of Pakistan, where is this water going to come from? Assuming that somehow this additional water does become available, the question then is, how do we get it to the coalfield? Due to topographic constraints, conventional gravity driven channel flow of water to the coal project is not possible, costly upslope pumping would be required.
Thar project is located near Islamkot in Thar Desert, which is outside the Sukkur Barrage Command Zone; the nearest source of Indus water is Jumrao, Makhi and Farash distribution complexes, these are all branches of Nara Canal which itself draws water from Sukkur Barrage. Due to siltation of the Canals and degradation of the nearly 80 year old regulatory system, additional water carrying capacity of the entire Nara Canal command stands significantly impaired.
To meet agriculture demands these canals are forced to carry water beyond their design capacities and will not be able to carry an additional 3000 cusecs of water for Thar coal without a total overhaul and remodeling of their entire regulatory systems. This will be a massive undertaking costing Billions of Dollars and at least 20 years. Does the Govt of Sindh have these financial resources and the luxury to wait another 20 years for power generation from Thar Coal?
A recently completed study by GOS at a cost of Rs. 180 Million estimates providing a mere 100 cusecs of water, in the first phase, from Nara canal’s Farash weir off take complex at a staggering capital cost of Rupees 27 Billion (operational costs of pumping not included). (Source: GOS Department of Coal and Energy)
Capital costs for second phase of providing additional 200 cusecs of water are not yet known, total capital costs for the entire 300 cusecs will likely exceed Rs.100 Billion roughly equivalent to US $1.2 Billion!
This is cost of water for Block II only, what about the rest of the Thar coalfield?
Providing Indus River water, at these costs is beyond the Govt of Sindh’s resource capability. World Bank and other multi-lateral lenders will likely consider these projects as economically unfeasible (which they are); in that case, it will be back to square one for Thar Coal development, minus a lot of money and time.
Transporting a mere 300 cusecs (for block II only) at a Capital Cost of Rs. 100 Billion (US $1.2 Billion) will require water to be pumped upslope through six separate, 4 feet diameter pipe lines, each 62 miles long, with 5 reservoirs, and operating 5 large scale pumping stations in the middle of the desert with logistical problems such as equipment breakdowns, spare parts, diesel fuel availability, staff reliability and O & M funding shortages typically experienced by projects in Sindh.
Water supply from this source will be cumbersome, expensive and unreliable, with a very high potential for operational failure, the province of Sindh has a long history and experience with operationally failed or stalled mega projects (SCARP, DRIP, RBOD …….to name just a few).
Apparently bringing Indus River water into Thar Desert for use in the power plants is neither economically nor practically viable. However a perfectly viable, technically superior alternative is available at a fraction of the above costs! This would utilize the available underground water in Thar and/or recover excess moisture from the coal itself and use it for power plant operations. This is a proven concept being successfully practiced in many European coal mines and power production facilities.
Groundwater and Power Plant Selection:
Suitable “Closed Circle Cooling Cycle” Power Plants need to be selected, these type of plants re-circulate and reuse the same water and are considered ideal for arid environments where water is scarce. Such power plants are operating in other countries; In United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will not issue operating permits for new Coal fired power plants unless these types of systems are used. Existing plants will also convert to water conservation systems.
Various Thar coal seams occur between 450 feet to 650 feet depth, there are 3 ground water aquifers of which the base aquifer contains significant amounts of water and is highly pressurized and the only viable option for open Pit Mining is by dewatering and depressurizing these groundwater aquifers.
A state of the art mathematical model, simulating Thar coal area ground water conditions was employed by Rheinbraun Engineering (RWE). This same modeling method has been used successfully in European open pit mines by RWE and predicts that 41 cubic feet/second (cusecs) water will have to be pumped, for each mine in Thar to make the mining operations safe and workable. Water requirements of an 1100 MW “Closed Circle Cooling Cycle” plant are calculated to be 2.0 cusecs (cubic feet/second), therefore, no additional water will need to be imported from the Indus river system, thus avoiding huge Capital outlays and Operational expenses.
Selection of a “Closed Circle Cooling Cycle” Power Plant will also eliminate the need for large volumes of waste water disposal (saving significant costs), as it will generate only 2% to 3% waste water compared with an Open Cooling Cycle Plant.
Water Production and Disposal:
Massive amounts groundwater will be pumped out in order to dewater and depressurize the aquifers to achieve safe mining conditions, with proper planning the mine operators and Govt of Sindh can realize additional windfall profits by recovering/harvesting the natural gas (Coalbed methane) that is always present in Coal, which will be automatically released due to depressurization of the coal seams. United States Geologic Survey (USGS) sources (GOS) estimate that Thar Coal deposits contain over 21 Trillion cubic feet (TCF) of recoverable natural gas with a production potential of nearly 1 Billion Cubic feet/day (equal to 25% of the entire natural gas production from all gas fields of Pakistan, including Sui, Qadirpur …etc).
Water produced from the pumping operations is as precious a natural resource as the coal itself, Thar water is considered to be “moderately saline” containing 7500 to 10,000 (PPM) parts per million total dissolved salts (TDS), compared to sea water which has 35,000 to 40,000 Parts Per Million.
This water can be treated and used for cultivation of high value crops such as fruits and vegetables. Water produced by each mine will be able to cultivate 15,000 acres. Using the Govt of Sindh’s planning benchmark of 10 Blocks (mines) by 2030, the groundwater thus cumulatively produced can cultivate up to 150,000 acres of high value crops and will provide the basis for developing livestock industry, which is well suited for the environment and the lifestyle of people living in Thar Desert.
Downstream economic benefits of this approach are immeasurable in terms of job growth, poverty
the reason is that one, firstly government is hardly stay up to 5 year, after five year the new political party come back. so no any government have to invaste on this project becouse the product is to be gain after 5 , 6 year so that political will be no ruled, all the cradit goes to the new selected party
wuuuuufffff....i cant express my wordsss...Pakistan is full of resources.....as need a strong leadership and a man who knows the real usage of these coals...and he is not other then DR.SAMAR MUBARAKMANd.Accodring to him,
"If all the oil reserves of Saudi Arab & Iran put together, these are approximately 375 Billion Barrels,but a single Thar coal reserve of Sindh is about 850 Trillion Cubic Feet,which is more than oil reserves of Saudi Arab & Iran".All he need an investment which Pak government not providing him.According to him ,
"It requires just Rs. 420 Billion initial investment,whereas Pakistan receives annually Rs. 1220 Billion from Tax Only".
We need to pray for him and his project.....
Dear Pakistanis;
please think as Pakistanis not as Sindhis, Pakhtons, Balochs or Punjabis because we are nothing without Pakistan and if will not unite now then time will never forgive us. My friends we should not play in the hands of these politicians because don't want us to be united. Now i come to Thar project my friends if the quality is low but its not the worst and on Kala Bagh issue we should think as a Pakistani. Last year flood struck us heavily and every year put allow 35 million cubic acre of water to be wasted in Arabian sea. If we build a dam in path of this water which is being wasted we can save our water and in the end our water reserves will increase and we will be able to utilize this water for electricity generation and agricultural use. As a result our economy will grow. My friend the path of the water that enters the sea is Sindh river so we will have to build it there.
We Are Pakistanis and We should Thinks as PAKISTANIS.
PAKISTAN ZINDA BAD.
i like your comment (saeed shahid) and i m surprised to read the thar coal . it is gold of pakistan
i like your comment (saeed shahid) and i m surprised to read the thar coal . it is gold of pakistan
PAKISTAN IS WORLD TIGGER? NOTE THIS ONE IF RECODIC GURGORE GAS AND THAR COAL PROJECTS COMPLET PAKISTANI SCIENTEST AND WE ALL AS A PAKISTANI PROVIDE HELP IN HIS PRECTICAL WORK SO NOW WHATS YOUR,s COMMENT,s
Please initiate this project immediately Pakistan need that project.
Flight Simulator
V r first Alhamdulillah Muslims then Pakistani. V r not true follower of Quean & Sunnah so why v Muslim r in azab of Allah. ( as our beloved Prophet (SAWS) said in his sermon in his last speech that he was leaving Allah last book "Quran & his Sunnah" behind
him. Hold and follow them ) do not have peace of mind
Thanks Allah we are rich resourcely but poor due to bad governors. The only thing to change the fate of the Nation is mindset of the people of our country who select/ vote to these bad governors. In other words they are enemy of their self.
Change your mindset.
the same article i had news read at http://www.enews.pk and also at Geo,s website however thanks for the guidance here
sindh present coal type is lignite and we use it gasificatin
ANOTHER CONSPIRACY AGAINST PAKISTAN
BY SCIENTIST OF PAKISTAN
Dear Editor
This letter I am writing to you as a Pakistani and professional Chemical Engineer who has experience of more than 17 years in Fertilizers, Oil & Gas and Petrochemicals in Pakistan and abroad. I am providing consulting services to Oil & Gas and other industries in Pakistan.
You are aware of Thar Project of Underground coal gasification led by Dr. Samar Mubarak and his team. We would like to highlight serious concerns on this project which lead to Pakistan in depriving of these assets without harnessing the huge energy and petrochemical potential for our country which is dependent on the success of this pilot project. You can imagine if any pilot project fails only due to lack of knowledge and expertise what can happen!
This is going on here in this project and they want to make this project a failure so no other company will invest and get the true benefits for this nation. We request you to bring this issue in front of the nation and stop them to play with the resources and money of peoples of Pakistan.
They are working against the principles of common understanding, logical approach, engineering or whatever you name it. If you talk to any Oil & gas company how they build the gas and oil processing facility, they will tell you that they first do rigorous tests on oil and gas wells to characterize the gas and oil composition and then built the facility which is going to be multimillion dollar facility. This is the very first step but in UCG they do not know anything what is coming out of the gas and they want to built a facility there and spend lot of money and then they say the pilot was not successful.
UCG Thar coal project invited bids in February 2011 for supply of Gas dehydration facility and there are lot of technical flaws in their concept paper which they call it Invitation to bid. We participated in the bid with our Technology cooperation partners from abroad and submit a proposal based on their scheme with a statement that it is not going to work. At the same time we propose the phase wise approach which we call it GATE approach which proven in the industry for the project execution. We made a presentation to them Dr Shabbir at their offices in Karachi in April 2011 and propose a scheme that we start with the test separator and after analyzing and characterization of gas we will start designing the facility.
They don’t want to listen this scheme. We said ok. Allah has give us fortune but our so called Politicize Technocrats made us unfortunate.
In September 2011 they have re-invited the bids again with a 180 degree change in their OWN design which relatively better than the previous. At this time we decided we go with the Client Scheme and make necessary changes so that the plant can run and make this pilot successful.
There were three competitors, two Pakistanis and one Chinese. Chinese quoted a price of 3.8 million dollars which is impossible and Dr. Samar Mubarak has understanding with the Chinese company. We are asking UCG Management as Engineers we should know what they have offered and how it is possible. We have worked on the bid for two months day and night and contacted each and every vendor in China and other parts of the world and we are surprised and shocked to hear this price.
This is a 20000 Nm3/hr plant which is around 18 MMSCFD and you can ask a price of natural gas processing plant which has a cost of around 20 million USD.
Here is not a question of bid or getting business, our argument is UCG should let us know how they are going to achieve this with the Chinese offer which we believe is not possible altogether.
We are worried and have a genuine concern as a Pakistani that if this UCG pilot fails no body is going to explore and harness the potential of Thar for Pakistan at-least in near future and keep Pakistan in growing darkness
We cannot let them go like this!
Here few technical arguments
1. Cooling Requirements of raw feed gas
Ask them at what temperature the Chinese are feeding gas to Desulphurization plant. As per UCG Client scheme they mentioned cooling of gas to 80 deg C and feed to desulphurization plant. This is not possible because all desulphurization plants need gas at 40 deg C.
To achieve this temperature you need chilled water and large air coolers which are expensive equipments
2. Plant safety
This is a real hazardous plant containing explosive and toxic gases. To ensure the safety of plant you need to have proper automatic isolation and depressurizing system and this is based on Engineering and not just supply of few equipments. Chinese has the worst safety records in Process plant safety. Hydrogen sulfide the most lethal gas above 10ppm can lead to fatality. If the plant is not properly designed as per standards and codes you are playing with the life of plant personnel which of course be Pakistani.
Hydrogen again is the most explosive gas and even a friction can lead to hydrogen bomb explosion.
All isolation and control valves only cost a million dollar. Without proper safety isolation and trips they are going to explode the plant. Ask them are they going to operate the plant only for day to pass the gas through the equipments and don’t know where they take the gas. They have not considered even the life line of plant which is the flare header or vents. They are playing with the lives of people in that area. Without shutdown system they cannot even stop the feeding gas to the plant.
Please tell them not to play with the future of Pakistan and peoples money.
3. Size of the plant and cost
They are talking about 20,000 Nm3/hr (18 MMSCFD) and inlet gas header is around 30 inch. You know the metallurgy requirement more than us for hydrogen and H2S environment. It is a reasonably sized plant and not the testing facility. Check any natural gas sweetening and dehydration plant even from the china they cannot get even less than 20 million USD of same capacity.
4. Pilot testing
You know for the pilot projects you go with the best equipment and people to make it happen. You don’t do any optimization and the value engineering at the piloting stage. If it goes wrong and failed the project may stop and it seems UCG want to do this and we do not let them do like this.
Imagine the test flights for new airplanes and jets, you choose the best pilot to make the test flight successful and spends lot of money. With all due respect and sorry to say here in UCG people who don’t know anything of the gas plant are going to monkey with the project.
To investigate inquiry commission should be formed for third party technical evaluation
AOA
i am a chemical design engineer ,currently working to develop a gasification model that can gasify pak's coal.
i need some fresh reports having proximate and ultimate analysis of coal esp from salt belt of Punjab and Makarwall.
if you can help cntct me on
umarshaheen07@gmail.com
JazzakAllah
hey don't provoke provincialism after all we r all Paksitani
Having every thing in our hands by Almighty Allah , we are looking in the hands of other, its only because of lake of education and and weakness of law and order, otherwise we are form the leading countries.
regards,
hafeezrm Level 5 Commenter 2 years ago
Good informative article. Not only we should spread the knowledge among oursleves but also expose the Petroleum Lobby. Someone would wonder: Is Petroleum Lobby so strong as to outsmart an all-powerful dictator like General Pervaz Musharaf?